Dante Gabriel Rossetti - Study of Alexa Wilding from Regina Cordium

signed with monogram and dated 1866 l.r.
coloured chalks with pencil on grey paper
43 by 30cm., 17 by 12in.

Regina Cordium (Queen of Hearts) of 1866 depicts a flame-haired girl holding an orchid and standing at a parapet with an elaborate wallpaper behind of cherry-blossom growing on a trellis and pink roses in the foreground. The painting was commissioned by J. Hamilton Trist (see lot 127 for another picture from this collection) and is now in the collection of Glasgow Art Gallery and Museum (FIG 1.).

The model for Regina Cordium was Alexa Wilding, discovered by Rossetti in 1865 and
who was to become one of his principle models in the decade that followed. Henry
Treffry Dunn recalled how Rossetti had first seen Miss Wilding (whose first name was in fact Alice, although in due course she adopted the more exotic 'Alexa') when she was walking in the Strand and how he had besought her to allow him to paint and draw her.

On the first occasion of asking she failed to appear at his studio as had been arranged, but, according to Dunn's account, by chance Rossetti saw her again - apparently at the same spot where he had seen her before. On this second occasion, Rossetti succeeded in persuading Alexa that his intentions were honourable, so that in due course she began to serve as a model. An early portrait drawing of her, made in 1865, was offered in these rooms (FIG 2. 12 July 2007, lot 14). Within a year, Rossetti had embarked on the series of paintings of her, of which Venus Verticordia (Russell-Cotes Art Gallery, Bournemouth) Monna Vanna (Tate, London), Sibylla Palmifera (Lady Lever Art Gallery, Port Sunlight) and La Ghirlandata (Guildhall Art Gallery, London) are among the most famous. During the second half of the 1860s and early 1870s, Rossetti relied upon Alexa Wilding to be available to him, finding her a patient and biddable
sitter, and with a kind of beauty which was passive enough to allow her to adopt a wide variety of personifications and roles. Over a period of several years he paid her a small salary that she should model for him exclusively, perhaps because it was known that other artists - notably John Everett Millais - desired to paint her.

Alexa Wilding's personality is hard to gauge, either from the accounts of people who
knew her, or on the basis of her representation in Rossetti's paintings and drawings.
Dunn described her as a woman whose 'lovely face [was] beautifully moulded in every
feature, [and] full of a quiescent soft mystical repose that suited some of his [Rossetti's] compositions admirably, but without any variety of expression'. William Michael Rossetti, Dante Gabriel's brother, found her physiognomy more demonstrative, describing 'a head of fine and rather peculiar mould, eminently strong in contour and also capable of much varying expression'. Frederic George Stephens believed that 'in regard to her form and air, he [Rossetti] never adopted a more exquisite form of womanhood, per se' than 'the beautiful Miss Wilding', explaining that Rossetti's representations of Alexa were quite personal and dependent upon his own feelings for her: 'So many differently inspired versions did Rossetti give us of the beauty of Alice Wilding. Nevertheless, I dare say, not a little of her charm existed mostly in the passionate heart of the painter; yet I well remember that nothing he drew of her, diverse as the delineations were, seemed less than an exact likeness'.

Alexa made occasional visits to Kelmscott Manor in Oxfordshire, where Rossetti lived
for a period from 1872, although she was only permitted to go there when Jane Morris
was not in residence. In 1873 she attempted to gain her financial independence by
setting up a boarding house, although in the mid-1870s she still received money from
Rossetti. Gradually, however, she drifted out of his circle, and by the late 1870s was modelling for him only on rare occasions. Two children were born to her, in 1876 and 1877, although Alexa seems not to have been married to their father. The second version of Rossetti's Sancta Lilias of 1879 (Virginia Museum of Fine Arts) was his last painting for which she served as a model. H.T. Dunn described how Alexa, after Rossetti's death in 1882, made an expedition to the churchyard at Birchington-on-Sea to lay a wreath upon his grave. She herself died in 1884, aged thirty-seven.

Biographical information about Alexa Wilding, and a detailed account of her relationship with Rossetti, is given as Appendix 3, 'Monna Innominata: Alexa Wilding', in William E. Fredeman (ed.), The Correspondence of Dante Gabriel Rossetti, vol. VI, Cambridge, 2006, pp.605-45. See also, Simon Toll, 'Dante Gabriel Rossetti's discovery of Alexa Wilding', British Art Journal, vol. VII, no. 2, pp. 87-91.

Fig. 1
rossetti, regina cordium
Fig. 2
rossetti, portrait of alexa wilding